最近 MySQL 发布了 5.7 正式版(https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-nutshell.html)。5.7 可以说是里程碑式的版本,提高了性能,并增加了很多新的特性。不管怎么样,先升级再说。
首先我的 Ubuntu 版本是 14.04,已经通过 ppa 的方式安装了 MySQL 5.6,所以首先得去掉这个源。
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sudo apt-add-repository --remove ppa:ondrej/mysql-5.6 # 如果没有 apt-add-repository 先安装上 # sudo apt-get install software-properties-common |
手工删除的话可以去 /etc/apt/sources.list.d 目录下干掉类似 xxx_mysql-5.6_xxx.list 的文件即可。
然后再安装上官方 apt 源,先在 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/apt/ 下载最新的 deb 文件,然后使用 dpkg 命令添加源,最后执行安装 MySQL 命令即可:
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wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.5.3-1_all.deb sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.5.3-1_all.deb sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mysql-server |
需要注意的是在添加源那一步的时候,会叫你选择安装 MySQL 哪个应用,这里选择 Server 即可,再选择 MySQL 5.7 后又会回到选择应用的那个界面,此时选择 Apply 即可。
安装完之后还需执行一下 sudo mysql_upgrade -u root -p 更新数据(重要)。
一般这样就完事了,数据什么的都完整无缺。
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$ mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.9, for Linux (i686) using EditLine wrapper |
但一般就是会出现一点小插曲。我在 MySQL 自动启动的时候起不来了:
也没看见日志在哪儿,在 /etc/mysql 目录下找日志的时候发现多了个 my.cnf.dpkg-dist 文件,对比一下发现和原来的 my.cnf 不太一样呀,把原来的 my.cnf 备份后使用这个文件替换掉。再次启动 MySQL 果然 OK 了。
这篇文章写得还是没啥营养,权当做个记录吧。等以后水平高了,再来填 MySQL 5.7 新特征及其优化的坑。
update:
关于配置优化,介绍一个好网站:https://www.percona.com/software/mysql-tools
我 1 CPU,1 GB RAM 的配置如下:
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# Generated by Percona Configuration Wizard (http://tools.percona.com/) 已失效 version REL5-20120208 # # The MySQL Community Server configuration file. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html [mysql] # CLIENT # port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [mysqld_safe] pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # GENERAL # user = mysql default-storage-engine = InnoDB pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql explicit_defaults_for_timestamp # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links = 0 # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # MyISAM # key-buffer-size = 32M # SAFETY # max-allowed-packet = 16M sysdate-is-now = 1 skip-name-resolve # CACHES AND LIMITS # tmp-table-size = 32M max-heap-table-size = 32M query-cache-type = 0 query-cache-size = 0 max-connections = 500 thread-cache-size = 50 open-files-limit = 65535 table-definition-cache = 1024 table-open-cache = 2048 # INNODB # innodb-flush-method = O_DIRECT innodb-log-files-in-group = 2 innodb-log-file-size = 64M innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 2 innodb-file-per-table = 1 innodb-buffer-pool-size = 768M # LOGGING # log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1 slow-query-log = 1 slow-query-log-file = /var/log/mysql/slow-query.log |
我在启动的时候,查看 error.log 日志,发现了一些错误,下面是其解决方法:
[Warning] Could not increase number of max_open_files to more than 4096 (request: 65535)
解决办法:vim /etc/security/limits.conf,然后添加几行:
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mysql soft nofile 65535 mysql hard nofile 65535 www-data soft nofile 65535 www-data hard nofile 65535 |
目的是增大文件打开数,提升一定的性能,适当即可。
plugin load error:
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[ERROR] Function 'archive' already exists [Warning] Couldn't load plugin named 'archive' with soname 'ha_archive.so'. [ERROR] Function 'blackhole' already exists [Warning] Couldn't load plugin named 'blackhole' with soname 'ha_blackhole.so'. [ERROR] Function 'federated' already exists [Warning] Couldn't load plugin named 'federated' with soname 'ha_federated.so'. [ERROR] Function 'innodb' already exists [Warning] Couldn't load plugin named 'innodb' with soname 'ha_innodb.so'. |
解决办法:看样子是这几个插件已经内置了,无需加载。查看 plugin 表里面也就这几个插件:
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mysql> select * from mysql.plugin; +-----------+-----------------+ | name | dl | +-----------+-----------------+ | archive | ha_archive.so | | blackhole | ha_blackhole.so | | federated | ha_federated.so | | innodb | ha_innodb.so | +-----------+-----------------+ |
直接 truncate mysql.plugin 即可。
[Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
解决办法:这个警告是因为使用了自签证书(猜测),即使开启传输加密也有被中间人攻击的风险,可以买个权威 CA 机构颁发的证书。我们这里就直接忽略这个错误了。
[Warning] 'user' entry 'root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
解决办法:这个可以忽略,因为我们设置 skip-name-resolve,禁用了 DNS 查询。(If you have a very slow DNS and many hosts, you might be able to improve performance either by disabling DNS lookups with --skip-name-resolve or by increasing the value of host_cache_size to make the host cache larger.)
启动的时候显示 “No directory, logging in with HOME=/”。
解决办法:这是 MySQL 的命令行日志,日志路径由环境变量 MYSQL_HISTFILE 指定。若系统中没有此环境变量,就会默认在 ~ (当前用户根目录)下生成 .mysql_history 隐藏文件,类似于 .bash_history,有一定的安全风险。如果你不想要这个文件,除了修改环境变量 MYSQL_HISTFILE 外,还有一个比较好的方式就是将文件软链接到 /dev/null(ln -s /dev/null $HOME/.mysql_history)。
参考资料:
《A Quick Guide to Using the MySQL APT Repository》https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-apt-repo-quick-guide/en/
《Changes Affecting Upgrades to MySQL 5.7》https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/upgrading-from-previous-series.html
https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/65397/error-function-innodb-already-exists